Gabatarwa Bayan Fage
Kwamfutocin masana'antu (IPCs) sune kashin bayan sarrafa sarrafa masana'antu da tsarin sarrafawa, an tsara su don sadar da babban aiki da aminci a cikin yanayi mara kyau. Fahimtar ainihin abubuwan haɗin su yana da mahimmanci don zaɓar tsarin da ya dace don biyan takamaiman buƙatun aikace-aikacen. A cikin wannan kashi na farko, za mu bincika tushen tushen IPCs, gami da na'ura mai sarrafawa, na'ura mai hoto, ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya, da tsarin ajiya.
1. Sashin sarrafawa na tsakiya (CPU)
Ana ɗaukar CPU sau da yawa azaman kwakwalwar IPC. Yana aiwatar da umarni kuma yana yin lissafin da ake buƙata don hanyoyin masana'antu daban-daban. Zaɓin CPU ɗin da ya dace yana da mahimmanci saboda yana tasiri kai tsaye ga aiki, ƙarfin ƙarfi, da dacewa ga takamaiman aikace-aikace.
Mahimman Fasalolin IPC CPUs:
- Matsayin Masana'antu:IPCs yawanci suna amfani da CPUs masu darajar masana'antu tare da tsawaita rayuwa, suna ba da dogaro na dogon lokaci a cikin yanayi mai tsauri kamar matsanancin zafi da girgiza.
- Multi-Core Support:IPCs na zamani galibi suna nuna na'urori masu sarrafawa da yawa don ba da damar aiki iri ɗaya, masu mahimmanci don mahallin ayyuka da yawa.
- Ingantaccen Makamashi:CPUs kamar Intel Atom, Celeron, da na'urori na ARM an inganta su don ƙarancin amfani da wutar lantarki, yana mai da su manufa don marasa ƙarfi da ƙarancin IPCs.
Misalai:
- Intel Core Series (i3, i5, i7):Ya dace da manyan ayyuka kamar hangen nesa na na'ura, robotics, da aikace-aikacen AI.
- Intel Atom ko CPUs na tushen ARM:Mafi dacewa don ainihin bayanan shiga, IoT, da tsarin sarrafa nauyi.
2. Sashin Gudanar da Zane-zane (GPU)
GPU shine muhimmin sashi don ayyuka waɗanda ke buƙatar sarrafa gani sosai, kamar hangen nesa na inji, ƙaddamar da AI, ko wakilcin bayanan hoto. IPCs na iya yin amfani da haɗaɗɗen GPUs ko keɓaɓɓun GPUs dangane da nauyin aiki.
GPUs masu haɗaka:
- An samo shi a yawancin matakan IPCs na shigarwa, GPUs masu haɗaka (misali, Intel UHD Graphics) sun isa don ayyuka kamar fassarar 2D, hangen nesa na asali, da mu'amalar HMI.
GPUs masu sadaukarwa:
- Aikace-aikace masu girma kamar AI da ƙirar ƙirar 3D galibi suna buƙatar keɓaɓɓun GPUs, kamar su NVIDIA RTX ko jerin Jetson, don gudanar da aiki iri ɗaya don manyan bayanai.
Muhimmin La'akari:
- Fitowar Bidiyo:Tabbatar da dacewa tare da ƙa'idodin nuni kamar HDMI, DisplayPort, ko LVDS.
- Gudanar da thermal:GPUs masu girma na iya buƙatar sanyaya aiki don hana zafi fiye da kima.
3. Ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya (RAM)
RAM yana ƙayyade adadin bayanai da IPC zai iya aiwatarwa a lokaci ɗaya, yana shafar saurin tsarin kai tsaye da kuma amsawa. Kwamfutocin masana'antu galibi suna amfani da babban inganci, lambar gyara kuskure (ECC) RAM don ingantaccen aminci.
Mabuɗin Abubuwan RAM a cikin IPCs:
- Taimakon ECC:ECC RAM yana ganowa kuma yana gyara kurakuran ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya, yana tabbatar da amincin bayanai a cikin mahimman tsari.
- Iyawa:Aikace-aikace kamar koyon inji da AI na iya buƙatar 16GB ko fiye, yayin da tsarin sa ido na asali zai iya aiki tare da 4-8GB.
- Matsayin Masana'antu:An ƙera shi don jure matsanancin zafin jiki da rawar jiki, RAM na masana'antu yana ba da ƙarfi mai ƙarfi.
Shawarwari:
- 4-8GB:Ya dace da ayyuka masu nauyi kamar HMI da siyan bayanai.
- 16-32GB:Mafi dacewa don AI, simulation, ko ƙididdigar bayanai masu girma.
- 64GB+:An tanada don ayyuka masu buƙatar gaske kamar sarrafa bidiyo na lokaci-lokaci ko siminti masu rikitarwa.
4. Tsarukan Ajiya
Dogaran ajiya yana da mahimmanci ga IPCs, saboda galibi suna aiki akai-akai a cikin mahalli tare da iyakancewar samun kulawa. Ana amfani da manyan nau'ikan ajiya guda biyu a cikin IPCs: faifan diski mai ƙarfi (SSDs) da faifan diski (HDDs).
Ɗaukin Jiha (SSDs):
- An fi so a cikin IPCs don saurin su, dorewa, da juriya ga girgiza.
- NVMe SSDs suna ba da saurin karantawa/rubutu mafi girma idan aka kwatanta da SATA SSDs, yana mai da su dacewa da aikace-aikacen manyan bayanai.
Hard Disk Drives (HDDs):
- Ana amfani da shi a cikin yanayi inda ake buƙatar ƙarfin ajiya mai girma, kodayake ba su da ƙarfi fiye da SSDs.
- Yawancin lokaci ana haɗe su tare da SSDs a cikin saitin ma'ajiyar matasan don daidaita saurin gudu da iya aiki.
Mabuɗin abubuwan da za a yi la'akari:
- Haƙuri na Zazzabi:Kayan tuƙi masu darajar masana'antu na iya aiki a cikin kewayon zafin jiki mai faɗi (-40°C zuwa 85°C).
- Tsawon rai:Babban tuƙi na juriya suna da mahimmanci ga tsarin da ke da yawan zagayowar rubutu.
5. Allon allo
Motherboard ita ce cibiyar tsakiya wacce ke haɗa dukkan abubuwan da ke cikin IPC, tana sauƙaƙe sadarwa tsakanin CPU, GPU, ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya, da ajiya.
Mahimman Fassara na Allon Mamakin Masana'antu:
- Ƙarfin Ƙarfi:Gina tare da sutura masu dacewa don kariya daga ƙura, danshi, da lalata.
- Hanyoyin sadarwa na I/O:Haɗa nau'ikan tashoshin jiragen ruwa kamar USB, RS232/RS485, da Ethernet don haɗin kai.
- Faɗawa:Ramin PCIe, mini PCIe, da musaya na M.2 suna ba da izinin haɓakawa na gaba da ƙarin ayyuka.
Shawarwari:
- Nemo uwayen uwa tare da takaddun masana'antu kamar CE da FCC.
- Tabbatar da dacewa da abubuwan da ake buƙata da na'urori masu auna firikwensin.
CPU, GPU, ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya, ajiya, da uwayen uwa sune tushen tushen ginin PC na masana'antu. Dole ne a zaɓi kowane bangare a hankali bisa la'akari da aikin aikace-aikacen, dorewa, da buƙatun haɗin kai. A kashi na gaba, za mu zurfafa zurfafa cikin ƙarin abubuwa masu mahimmanci kamar kayan wuta, tsarin sanyaya, shinge, da mu'amalar sadarwa waɗanda suka kammala ƙirar ingantaccen IPC.
Idan kuna sha'awar kamfaninmu da samfuranmu, jin daɗin tuntuɓar wakilinmu na ketare, Robin.
Email: yang.chen@apuqi.com
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Lokacin aikawa: Janairu-03-2025